The crushed ore is then ground in a ball mill or a roller mill or a stamp mill. A metal is a material that is typically hard when in the solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. The depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite, titanomagnetites, etc. In many stainless steel applications, 75% pure nickel can be used without further purification, depending on the composition of the impurities. The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is known as metallurgy. The extraction of metals from their ores has been an essential factor in the in recovering metals from their minerals is that of finding orebodies in which metal extraction of a metal from its ore. An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction.
All metals above hydrogen, in the activity series, reduce hydrogen ions from dilute acids and give out hydrogen. The most common metal ores are oxides and sulfides. In this lesson, you shall learn about some of the processes of extraction of metals from their ores. Copper, tin, lead, and iron are more reactive and must be heated with carbon to extract the metals. But this is not the case with more reactive iron or aluminum. The choice of the process depends upon the nature of the ore and the type of the metal. They are used for making machines, railways, motor vehicles, bridges, buildings, agricultural tools, aircrafts, ships etc. Occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 notes chemistry of elements metals and their alloys are extensively used in our daytoday life.
Crude metal from concentrated ore what is extraction of metals. Modern mining operations actively strive to mitigate potential environmental consequences of extracting metals, and such operations are strictly regulated in the united states. Jul 14, 2016 this presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry course. Name the chief ores of copper, zinc and lead describe and explain the general methods used in the extraction of copper, zinc and lead from their. Metals such as zinc, nickel, tin, lead and copper need to be heated with carbon or carbon monoxide to extract them. The extraction of metals and minerals is the fifthlargest industry in the world. Extraction of metals a describe the ease of obtaining metals from their ores by relating the elements to their positions in the reactivity series recycling of metals a describe metal ores as a finite resource and hence the need to recycle metals, e. This presentation steps students through extracting metals from ores as well as the recycling of aluminium as aligned with the australian year 11 chemistry course. Taken as a whole the most important driving force behind production methodology is price. Aluminum, calcium, sodium and other active metals are extracted using electrolysis. Oct 24, 2012 electrochemistry encyclopedia extracting metals from sulfide ores.
An ore is a compound of the metal oxides, sulphides, chlorides or carbonates mixed with large amounts of earth and rock. Extraction of metals occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal this adds to the expense high grade ores are therefore cheaper to process. There are 3 main methods of extracting metals from their ore. Jan 30, 2016 the study of minerals is called mineralogy ores an ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. Reduction of metals extraction from ore alevel chemistry. An ore is a compound of the metal oxides, sulphides, chlorides or carbonates mixed. Minerals ores extraction of metals metallurgy skm classes. Metals need to be extracted from ores before they can be turned into useful products, such as cars or cutlery.
Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. Metals are one of the most commonly used resource in the world. The sulphide ores are converted into oxides by heating strongly in the presence of excess air. The basic step of extracting metals is called concentration of ores. The more reactive metals require electrolysis a technique involving electricity to achieve this. Pdf bioextraction of metals as secondary resources from. The first steps in the production of a metal object are to extract the ore from the mine, process the ore for smelting, and then eventually smelt the ore into metal. The method of extraction which is most appropriate depends on the reactivity of the metal being extracted. Metals such as zinc, iron and copper are present in ores as their oxides. Each of these oxides is heated with carbon to obtain the metal. Most metals are actually found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. The most common ore of iron is called haematite ironiii oxide. These metals must be extracted from their ores before they can be made useful. In view of this, the study of recovery of metals from their ores is very important.
Recovering precious metals from ewaste can also provide additional income with in the disposal process of end of life electronics. Usually iron and aluminum exist as compounds, with oxygen, also known as oxides. List of important metals and their ores with chemical. The occurrence of metals in nature is only a part of the process, these metals also have to be extracted. List of important metals and their ores with chemical formulas pdf. These compounds are called minerals and a rock which contains a mineral is known as an ore. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Dec 15, 2011 extracting metals from their ores pearsonmy. In this exercise you will attempt to extract a sample of lead from an ore containing a mixture of lead and zinc sulfides. Crushing and grinding of the ore big lumps of ore are first broken into small pieces by the means of mechanical crusher or by hammering. Oct 28, 2015 name the chief ores of copper, zinc and lead describe and explain the general methods used in the extraction of copper, zinc and lead from their ores. Metals with low chemical activity, such a gold and silver are normally found in their pure state.
Common metal ores include bauxite aluminium oxide, haematite iron oxide, zinc blende zinc sulphide, galena lead sulphide, and cinnabar mercury sulphide. Published by the american geosciences institute environmental awareness series. Since, the nature of the ore and also the properties of different metals are different, therefore, it is not possible to have the universal scheme which may be. Metals are found in the ground in rocks called ores. Heap leaching lowgrade ores has become a major contributor to the extraction of economically important metals, notably copper and gold. Copper can be extracted from its ores by reduction. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled. Metals extraction of metals in this gcse chemistry quiz, one of a series on metals, we look at the extraction of metals such as copper from both high grade and low grade ores. Bio extraction of metals as secondary resources from ewaste narendra singh 1, a, li jinhui 1,b 1 school of environment, tsinghua university, beijing 84, china.
Bioextraction of metals as secondary resources from ewaste narendra singh 1, a, li jinhui 1,b 1 school of environment, tsinghua university, beijing 84, china. Rock leaching, including rock pore diffusion and mineral kinetics, solution flow, and retention in ore heaps during percolation leaching, and biooxidation of sulfidic. The arrangement of metals in decreasing order of their reactivity is called the activity or reactivity series of the metals. The concentrated ore is first converted to an oxide after which metal extraction is done by reducing it from an oxide to metal using a suitable reducing agent. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. The metal content in the ore can vary depending upon the impurities present and chemical composition of the ore. Extracting metals some unreactive metals, like gold and silver, are found in the earths crust as pure substances. Overview of the different methods of extraction of metals. Extracting metals from their ores the majority of metals do not occur native and, instead, are compounds like sulphides or oxides.
Most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. Pdf bioextraction of metals as secondary resources from e. Elements can be more clearly classified as metals and non metals on the basis of their chemical properties. Gcse metals revise methods of extraction from ores. Iron, however, is removed in a blast furnace, like the one. The unreactive metals are removed form their ores simply by heating. Isolation of metal from the concentrated ore involves the refining of metals from the compounds it is found with to its original state. Metals and ores most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. The knowledge of how to extract metals from their ores has played an incredibly important role in every known civilisation. The south african mining industry alone employs 800,000 people. Gcse chemistry extraction of metals what is a metal ore. Therefore, production of a variety of metals in large quantities is necessary for.
Most important ores are oxide, sulfide and carbonates metal ores aluminium bauxiteal 2 o 3 iron hematite fe 2 o 3, magnetitefe 3 o 4 mercury cinnabar hgs zinc zinc blende zns smithsonite znco 3 copper malachite cu 2 co 3 oh 2 copper pyrites cufes 2 hematite. Usually, less reactive metals such as gold and silver are found in their pure form in the soil. The extraction of metals and minerals is the fifthlargest. Many metal ores contain mixtures of different metal compounds, and these must be chemically processed in order to extract a single metal from them. The extraction of iron and its conversion to steel. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals from ores. Metal extraction from ores by heap leaching springerlink. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals. This presentation is to help step students through the extraction of metals from ores as well as recycling aluminium in line with the australian year 11 chemistry course. A survey of the ways that metals can be obtained from their ores and the factors which influence the choice of method. They are reduction of the ore with carbon, reduction of the molten ore by electrolysis, and reduction of the ore with a more reactive metal.
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